The Manicoré Biological Reserve ( pt, Reserva Biológica do Manicoré) is a
biological reserve
A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or ...
in the state of
Amazonas, Brazil.
It fully protects an intact area of the Amazon rainforest that is rich in biodiversity, and serves as part of a shield against the advance of the arc of
deforestation.
Location
The Manicoré Biological Reserve is the municipalities of
Manicoré (54.92%) and
Novo Aripuanã (45.08%) in the state of Amazonas.
It is north of the
Trans-Amazonian Highway (BR-230).
It is bounded by the
Campos de Manicoré Environmental Protection Area
The Campos de Manicoré Environmental Protection Area ( pt, Área de Proteção Ambiental dos Campos de Manicoré) is an environmental protection area (APA) in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Location
The Campos de Manicoré Environmental Protec ...
(APA) to the west and by the
Aripuanã National Forest
The Aripuanã National Forest ( pt, Floresta Nacional do Aripuanã) is a national forest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
It supports sustainable forestry, and also protects the environment, supports scientific research and protects the sustainab ...
to the south and east.
Both of these units were created at the same time as the Manicoré Biological Reserve.
It lies to the west of the
Aripuanã River, a tributary of the
Madeira River. The Madeira flows some distance to the west of the reserve.
The
Manicoré River forms part of the boundary with the Campos de Manicoré APA, then flows north through the Manicoré Biological Reserve.
It has an area of .
Environment
The reserve is in the
Amazon biome
The Amazon biome ( pt, Bioma Amazônia) contains the Amazon rainforest, an area of tropical rainforest, and other ecoregions that cover most of the Amazon basin and some adjacent areas to the north and east. The biome contains blackwater and white ...
.
Vegetation is mainly dense rainforest with some pioneer formations, and has not suffered as much deforestation as other areas of the Amazon.
The reserve holds a wide range of palm tree species, and has endangered tree species such as the
Bertholletia excelsa,
Amburana cearensis
''Amburana cearensis'' (Portuguese common names; ambaúrana, amburana, amburana de cheiro, angelim, baru, cabocla, cerejeira rajada, cumaré, cumaru, cumaru de cheiro, cumaru do ceará, cumbaru das caatingas, emburana, emburana de cheiro, imbura ...
var. Acreana,
Swietenia macrophylla
''Swietenia macrophylla'', commonly known as mahogany, Honduran mahogany, Honduras mahogany, or big-leaf mahogany is a species of plant in the Meliaceae family. It is one of three species that yields genuine mahogany timber (Swietenia), the othe ...
and
Aniba rosaeodora
''Aniba rosaeodora'', also known as pau-rosa, is a species of Magnoliid tree in the family Lauraceae. Although sometimes wrongly referred to as ''rosewood'' this name is totally misleading; it is no tree of the genus ''Dalbergia''. It grows in ...
.
The region has a variety of environments and diverse fauna, although there have been few studies.
The
Madeira River basin is estimated to harbour about 800 species of birds, and is an area with many primates including endemic species.
History
The Manicoré Biological Reserve was created by presidential decree on 11 May 2016.
It is administered by the
Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio).
The reserve was created to protect the biological diversity of the Manicoré,
Manicorezinho and
Jatuarana rivers, their tributaries and the associated natural and physical landscapes, with the purpose of sustaining
ecosystem services and contributing to the environmental stability of the region.
The soils are acidic and low fertility, so unsuitable for agriculture or grazing, but the region has been feeling growing pressure from loggers, ranchers and soybean farmers since 2005.
The reserve is part of a shield designed to protect the heart of the Amazon forest from the advance of deforestation.
The reserve is one of five conservation units created in the last week before the provisional removal of president
Dilma Rousseff, totalling , all in the south of Amazonas state.
These were the fully protected Manicoré Biological Reserve with and
Acari National Park with , and the sustainable use Campos de Manicoré Environmental Protection Area with , Aripuanã National Forest with and
Urupadi National Forest with .
The same package expanded the
Amaná National Forest by .
With these units the Dilma government had created about of new protected areas during her administration, compared to about by her predecessor
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Her administration had also reduced the area of seven protected areas in the Amazon to allow for construction of dams on the
Tapajós.
Notes
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Manicore Biological Reserve
2016 establishments in Brazil
Biological reserves of Brazil
Protected areas of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
Protected areas established in 2016